- Method1 : Liquid Penetrant Testing
IntroductionSteps of Liquid Penetrant Testing
Advantages and Disadvantages
Penetrants
Developers
Preparation of Part
Penetrant Application and Dwell Time
Penetrant Removal Process
Use and Selection of a Developer
Quality & Process Control
Nature of the Defect
Health and Safety Precautions
- Method2. Magnetic Particle Testing
IntroductionBasic PrinciplesAdvantages and DisadvantagesMagnetism
Reaction of Materials to Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field Characteristics
Electromagnetic Fields
Quantifying Magnetic Properties
Permeability
Magnetic Field Orientation and Flaw Detectability
Magnetization of Ferromagnetic Materials
Types of Magnetizing Current
Magnetic Fields Distribution and Intensity
Demagnetization
Measuring Magnetic Fields
Magnetization Equipment for Magnetic Particle Testing
Magnetic Field Indicators
Magnetic Particles
Dry Particle Inspection
Wet Suspension Inspection
Quality & Process Control
- Method3.Radiographic TestingIntroduction
Basic Principles
Advantages and Disadvantages
PHYSICS OF RADIATION
X-Radiation
Gamma Radiation
Activity (of Radioactive Materials)
Isotope Decay Rate (Half-Life)
Radiation Energy, Intensity and Exposure
Ionization
Newton’s Inverse Square Law
Interaction between Penetrating Radiation and Matter (Attenuation)
Half-Value Layer
Sources of Attenuation
EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS
X-ray Generators
Radio Isotope (Gamma-ray) Sources
Radiographic Film
RADIOGRAPHY CONSIDERATIONS & TECHNIQUES
Radiographic Sensitivity
Radiographic “ Image” Density
Secondary (Scatter) Radiation Control
Radiographic Contrast
Radiographic Definition
Controlling Radiographic Quality
Film Processing
RADIATION SAFETY
Radiation Health Risks
Sources of High Energy Radiation
Measures Relative to the Biological Effects of Radiation Exposure
Controlling Radiation Exposure
Exposure LImits
Over-Dose Health Symptoms
Radiation Detectors
Safety ControlsMethod 4.Ultrasonic TestingIntroduction
Basic Principles
Advantages and Disadvantages
PHYSICS OF ULTRASOUND
Wave Propagation
Wavelength and Defect Detection
Sound Propagation in Elastic Materials
Attenuation of Sound Waves
Mode Conversion
Critical Angles
Wave Interaction or Interference
Wave Diffraction
EQUIPMENT & TRANSDUCERS
Piezoelectric Transducers
Radiated Fields of Ultrasonic Transducers
Transducer Beam Spread
Transducer Types
Couplant
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
Data Presentation
MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES
Normal Beam Inspection
Angle Beam Inspection
Calibration Methods
Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC)